An example of a manual dipmeter calculation appendix 4. A typical combination of well logs used in hydrocarbon exploration is presented in table 1. Log interpretation principlesapplications available through classfronter krygowski, d. Well log analysis for reservoir characterization aapg wiki. Well logging provides data to answer fundamental questions regarding petrophysical, geological and mechanical properties required to evaluate, develop and produce a field. Well logging interpretation methodology for carbonate. Want to be notified of new releases in petroggbasicwellloginterpretation. You should know the basic rules for eyeball analysis of log curves to help you climb the ladder to success. This module is a detailed presentation of well logging principles. Objectives to give an insight in the basic well logging methods used to derive petrophysical properties for hydrocarbon exploration. Taurg the weakness of method is that the output of inversion is highly influenced by arbitrary. This book describes the various well logging equipment available to geologists and reservoir engineers. Succeeding chapters 2 through 6 introduce the reader to specific log types.
Pdf fundamentals of well log interpretation oserra mufazzal. Physical properties are a key for combined interpretation techniques. The text discusses how different log types measure various. Utilizing nmr mud logging technology to measure reservoir. Volume 15, part b, pages 3679 1986 download full volume. Nuclear magnetic resonance mud logging technology nmr mud logging is a new mud logging technology. It is important for many petroleum professionals to be able to understand well logs and what they mean. This course is a must have for anyone working with the subsurface within the petroleum industry. Geologists and petroleum engineers must therefore acquire a basic under standing of petrophysics and quantitative log interpretation. Overview well log definition and its importance fundamentals of qualitative and quantitative log interpretation formation evaluation with well logs processing and interpretation of well log data conclusion. Richard bateman, openhole log analysis and formation evaluation, ihrdc publishers new york crombe et. This modules objective is to develop a basic familiarity with logging methodologies in sands, carbonates and shales.
A well log is a record of the well depth verses some physical parameter of the well. Fundamental of well log interpretation by kholoud hamad issuu. This log contains 3 tracks and many different sets of log data. Formation evaluation and well log correlation petroleum. Neutron logs respond to the fundamental formation property of hydrogen richness.
The various openhole services offered by schlumberger are discussed in some detail, together with essential methods of interpretation and basic applications. Basic well log interpretation chemistry physical sciences. Formation density measurements the gammagamma log or density log pages 195204 download pdf. My first mentor, ko ko kyi, first taught me how to read and interpret well logs just by looking at the well log patterns. The article presents the methodology for the qualitative determination of fracture zones in the profiles of carbonate formations, based on the complex fracture analysis cfa method. Fundamentals of geophysical interpretation geoscienceworld. Crains petrophysical handbook publications by ross crain. Syllabus ch en 6167 petroleum production engineering spring 2014. Well logging is actually used not just for water wells, but also for oil wells.
Developments in petroleum science, 1 5 a fundamentals of welllog interpretation 1. Crain, editor canadian well logging society, vol 11, 1982 order from cwls. The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface geological logs or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the hole. Canadian well logging society, 1983 updated 1986 order from cwls. When each log is run, the operator ensures that some. Basic well log interpretation with python, pandas, matplotlib. Basic relationships of well log interpretation aapg.
Some people find the log response chart pdf helpful, but it requires a mental assessment of 5 or 6 log curves simultaneously. The student should already be familiar with the basics of wireline and mud logging. In well logging and petrophysical studies, the most widely used is the carrmeiboompurcellgill cmpg sequence. Geophysical interpretation of apparent resistivity data. This quantity has got a strong influence on most types of well logs. Well logging is a means of recording the physical, acoustic and electrical properties of the rocks penetrated by a well. This is a little tough for novice analysts and prone. Its just a common sense, stepbystep approach in interpreting any well logs.
It is a standard procedure in geophysical well logging to measure rock resistivity. It is done by hand with color pens, calculator or excel spreadsheet. This three hour online course discusses well logs and how to interpret them. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Many sorts, much data high vertical and bad horizontal resolution badly affected by hole need integration with other information the fundamental.
Baker atlas training manual, montrose training center, montrose scotland, 2001. Course overview well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record a well log of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole. Neutronneutron logs react mainly to the watercontent i. One can never overemphasize the importance to the geological analysis of basins, and sedimentology in. Measurement of the mean atomic number lithodensity tool. Serra has written a major reference work which is unusually well organized, well. Fundamentals of geophysical interpretation, seg geophysical monograph series no. Well log is one of the most fundamental methods for reservoir characterization, in oil and gas industry, it is an essential method for geoscientist to acquire more knowledge about the condition below the surface by using physical properties of rocks. Basic well log analysis is a general introduction to common openhole logging measurements, both wire line and mwdlwd, and the interpretation of those measurements to determine the traditional analytical goals of porosity, fluid saturation, and lithologymineralogy. Principles and applications of well logging hongqi liu. The interpretation of geophysical data in exploration geophysics, well logging, engineering, mining and environmental geophysics requires knowledge of the physical properties of the rocks and their correlation.
Fundamental log interpretation has not changed in decades and will probably not change. The aim of fundamentals of production logging is to provide a comprehensive understanding of production logging sensors, interpretation techniques, applications, and job planning. These independent methods can be used to calibrate log analyses. A typical drilling and logging history for a well might be as shown in table 5. Course content in this class, each individual logging tool is described in terms of basic functions, physical principles and geological interpretation. Pdf fundamentals of well log interpretation oserra. As logging tools and interpretive methods are developing in accuracy and sophistication, they are playing an expanded role in the geological decisionmaking process.
Fundamental concepts are explained using heuristic descriptions of seismic modeling, deconvolution, depth migration, and tomography. Interpretation log porosity permeability earth sciences. Basic well log analysis krygowski pdf get this from a library. Today, logging is most often performed using digital data acquisition platforms.
Petrophysical well log analysis for hydrocarbon exploration in parts of assam arakan basin, india ishwar, n. How to easily read a well log in 5 minutes or less using. Fred schroeder, retired from exxonexxonmobil presented on june 20, 2017. Oberto serra conceived and written by a geologist for geologists, fundamentals of welllog interpretation is a considerably revised and updated translation of the french edition. Crains petrophysical handbook crains rules for visual.
Basic well log analysis for geologists geoscienceworld. Log data is then used as a complementary set for lithology interpretation, facies recognition, log sequence analysis and correlation. Drilling and logging are to determine the inplace condition of the soil or. Anyone taking this course should be somewhat familiar with oil or gas well design and terminology. Basic well log interpretation a pdh online course for. Nmr mud logging can measure drill cutting, core and sidewall core in the well site, also according to the experiment. If these methods are used, the necessary data must be collected during core logging. Crystal graphical log interpretation workstation basis for. Many books have been written on the subject of log interpretation. This book primarily focuses on the principles and applications of electric logging, sonic logging, nuclear logging, production logging and nmr logging, especially lwd tools, sondex production logging tools and other advanced image logging techniques, such as eclips 5700, excell 2000 etc. Well test objectives exploration well on initial well, confirm hc existence, predict a first production forecast dst.
The interpretation of logging data, volume 15b 1st edition. Mar 31, 2017 it is important to note that the constitution itself endorses the general principles of interpretation through article 3671, which states that unless the context otherwise requires, the general clauses act, 1897 shall apply for the interpretation of this constitution as it applies to the interpretation of an act of the legislature. The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface geological logs or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the hole geophysical logs. Fundamentals of welllog interpretation the acquisition of logging data details. Aapg methods in exploration series, 28, 244pp incl cd schlumberger, 1989. Basic well log interpretation free download as powerpoint presentation. Examples with an exercise part sandstone reservoir, shaly sand interpretation, complex mineralogy of a carbonate reservoir help to understand the different methods and algorithms. Examples with an exercise part sandstone reservoir, shaly sand interpretation, complex mineralogy of a carbonate reservoir help. Course petrophysics well logging, fundamentals tpg4175. Basic relationships of well log interpretation introduction this chapter provides a general introduction to well logging principles and methods that will be used throughout the book. Basic concepts in well testing for reservoir description.
We will meet once a week and focus on the fundamentals of well logging methods, including electrical, nuclear, and acoustic measurements. Measurements of resistivity, natural gamma ray, neutron porosity, density, average atomic number parameter, pe, acoustic parameters, measurements of formation pressure. Introduction this course is intended for people who are interested in learning more about well logs. Logging tools record the magnitude of a specific formation property, such as resistivity, measured as the tool traverses an interval defined by depth. Walstrom, by chevron research reports, and by several published texts. Today, petrophysical log interpretation is one of the most useful and important tools available to a petroleum geologist. Features of well logging data acquisition logs application theory,metho d and experience formation evaluation,et c. If hazardous waste site characterization is the primary purpose of the drilling, the log should concentrate on providing data for that type of investigation. Remember that a borehole represents a dynamic system. Perhaps the best way to begin a study of logging is by introducing the reader to some of the basic concepts of well log analysis. Mainly applies the cpmgcarrpurcellmeiboomgillpulse sequence to measure transverse relaxation time t. Subject are the fundamental techniques of well logging borehole geophysics and the interpretation of measured data formation evaluation. Shale volume is treated as a basic parameter in well log analysis. Conceived and written by a geologist for geologists, fundamentals of well log interpretation is a considerably revised and updated translation of the french edition.
These subjects are now well covered by company manuals by mr. It is carried out by service companies, which work under contract for the. Log pef photoelectric index applications of logs stratigraphic studies sedimentary facies well correlation reservoir models structural interpretation. Well logging correlation analysis and correlation of well logs in rio grande do norte basin wells ricardo afonso salvador pernes march, 20 ricardo. Lesson 4 introduction to well logs presented by dr. From the most basic wells through intelligent completions with threephase flow, the goal remains the same. This document is intended to provide the reader with guidelines for planning a logging job, witnessing logging operations and the basic evaluation skills needed to address some of the more common north sea data gathering objectives. This method is very useful to detect hydrocarbon bearing zone, calculate the hydrocarbon volume.
Normally a well logging data set consists of lithology, porosity and saturation sensitive measurements. Basic well log analysis second editionwith sections by steven henderson and neil hurley aapg methods in exploration series 16. Pitfalls in processing and contouring are described briefly. Mud logging is usually performed by a thirdparty mud logging company. Note that the logs are run in each section before casing takes place. Published in 1991, log interpretation principlesapplications provides a thorough background of log interpretation. Mud logging, also known as surface logging, is the creation of a detailed record of a borehole by examining the bits of rock or sediment brought to the surface by the circulating drilling medium most commonly mud.
Pdf well logging is a means of recording the physical, acoustic and. Alternate methods for determining water saturation include analysis of cores cut with lowinvasion oilbased muds obms and single well chemical tracer swct tests. Fundamentals of welllog interpretation the acquisition. The interpretation is performed on various sets of logs recorded in water or oil based mud, in vertical of deviated wells. Fundamentals of welllog interpretation developments in petroleum science. The course will provide the attendants with concepts and practices of open hole and case hole logging data acquisition q. The data stored in a data file may have extensive statistical computation applied to it. An interdisciplinary seminar for all earth scientists and engineers giving practical understanding of the principles and interpretation of geophysical well logs in research applications. Three additive fracture ranges were distinguished, characterized by successively increasing aperture and fracture length values, operatively named micro, meso and macro. Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record a well log of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole. Welllogging correlation analysis and correlation of well. There is a very large range of basic logs that can be run in a well, and an even greater number of derived logs, i. The ability to interpret a log lies in recognizing the significance of each measurement. This basic log interpretation course is based first on a good log observation to perform a sound quality control of the data.